Following my earlier article on free wi-fi services, there are two noted development which are of interest.
The first one is the FCai on Friday (25 May) on the funding of the project to provide free wi-fi services in government premises. The total cost is $217.6 million covering a project period of three years. I am very eager to see free wi-fi services covering most areas in Hong Kong. Many ISP are now providing wi-fi services using 3G technology. If you have a 3G phone account, your mobile devices such as smartphones, PDA, notebooks are already internet-enabled. There are also many commercial wi-fi hotspots at popular locations. Furthermore, free wi-fi services are also available at the airport and some selected locations. FON the community based shared wi-fi service has already landed in Hong Kong. With the added free wi-fi hotspots in government premises, charged wi-fi services will face tremendous pressure in
competition. Is the government free wi-fi service deployment extensive enough and fast enough? This is for you to judge. The information of the project is as follows.
- June to November 2007: Procurement of services for implementation and operation of Wi-Fi service
- December 2007 to June 2008: Progressive roll-out of service to the priority sites
- July 2008 to June 2009: Progressive roll-out of service to the remaining sites
The first phase implementation up to June 2008 comprises 118 locations:
66 Libraries
20 Public Enquiry Service Centres
18 Government Joint-User Buildings
5 Central Government Offices
5 Community Halls and Centres
3 Cultural and Recreational Centres
1 Park
The second phase which will take another year is for another 232 locations:
84 Cultural, Recreational and Sports Centres
33 District Environmental Hygiene Offices
21 Community Halls and Centres
12 Job Centres
11 Visa Document Related Offices
9 Birth / Marriage / Death Registration Offices
6 Polyclinics/ Health Centres
6 Transport Licensing and Examination Centres
5 Museums
4 Stadiums
4 Ferry Terminals
3 Field Unit and Service Centres of Social Welfare Department
2 Parks
32 Other locations
I think wi-fi services are for those staying at one location for some time and wish to access the Internet for information. Some locations are weird, such as birth and marriage registries, district hygiene offices and SWD field units. But who know what internet could do in the future. The most important point on this topic is internet security. On this, the paper says: "To prevent citizens from entering into obscene web sites with the Wi-Fi facilities, appropriate filtering software will be installed. Network monitoring systems will be implemented to monitor and stop improper use of the service, such as spamming. Relevant security measures, such as user isolation and data encryption, will also be introduced to ensure the proper use of the service by citizens. Helpdesk support will also be provided to assist users of the Wi-Fi service."
Filtering is a very controversial subject. I do not know how websites are classified as obscene or impropoer. Furthermore, would adults be prevented to access sites for adults, or selected groups be prevented to access selected sites? Other security measures are virtually none. This is a worldwide situation that all systems have loopholes, including mobile phones and fixed line phones, not to mention many so-called secured systems in banks and large corporations.
The second development is a LegCo question rasied in last Wednesday's meeting (23 May) specifically on wi-fi security. I append below a gist of the reply of the government.
- OFTA has followed up the case with the ISP and required them to provide effective security measures for ensuring effective delivery of their clients' information. OFTA will consult relevant licensees with a view to setting up industry guidelines and code of practice and will also request them to conduct regular security audit for their systems.
- We will strengthen the promotion of information security to the public through existing promotional programmes and channels: dissemination of leaflets, conduct of road shows, etc.
- We will specify the security requirements for Wi-Fi services at Government premises to ensure that the contractors will provide the necessary hardware, software and technology with appropriate security features in delivering the required services.
- We will require service providers to provide various security measures so as to ensure that user data will not be stolen by others. These measures will include encryption,
intrusion prevention and detection systems, filtering software, etc.
- We will also engage security consultants to perform security risk assessment on the Wi-Fi network designs, and conduct security audit after the networks have been put into full operation to ensure that the services provided meet our security requirements.
I would say this is a typical bureaucratic type answer giving an illusion that government is doing something but in fact she cannot do anything. For the fast developing world of IT security and insecurity, I think we need to be aware of the danger and take reasonable precaution. Up to date information on how this battle is going on is essential. Besides that, we cannot do much more than to be careful about personal information, which I think is actually not a secret. We need to realise the fact that our personal information is known to many others very often for legitimate purposes. It is the illegal use or criminal use of our information that need to be guarded.
Sunday, May 27, 2007
Wednesday, May 23, 2007
The Undercover Economist
The Undercover Economist by Tim Harford
I came across this book at Commercial Press a few months ago. The cost was $160. I didn't buy it in the first instance but instead went to the Victoria Park Book Festival hoping to get a discounted copy. Yes, there was a simplified Chinese version of the book at $30 only. I thought simplified Chinese was not a problem for me, but I was wrong. Simplified Chinese characters were not a problem. There were not too many simplified characters and I knew most of them. However, the problem was the translation which carried a lot of phraseology and idioms used in the Mainland. Although I could decipher them for their Cantonese meaning, the process of mental translation slowed me down a lot. I could only finish two chapters in several weeks.
At last, I went to Cosmo to get the original book. Luckily, the new paperback version only cost less than $100. It was not a great penalty to me for buying the second copy of the book. I finished reading the book during a trip to Africa.
The book is a world view from the angle of an economist. It is lucidly written complete with some interesting examples. The main theme circles around the ideal of a perfect market, but unfortunately there are always conditions that destroy it. They are scarcity, incomplete information and externality.
Scarcity
The first few chapters are the most interesting and they concern scarcity. The most striking example, which makes the book famous, is the high price of coffee in prime location shops. Prime locations are scarce, and landlords demand extra high rents. To make the most of the scarce resources, coffee price has to be high. It is possible because there are many price insensitive commuters passing by in a hurry. On the other hand, there are also price sensitive customers who do not mind walking a few hundred metre more to buy normal price coffee. Coffee shops differentiate the customers and create coffees of different prices and varying degree of prestige, like special brands, special flavours and special additions in order to attract both types of customers. There was a coffee bar called Costa Coffee which offered fair trade coffee: products directly marketed for the third world producers. Customers were charged more and they paid thinking they were helping non-privileged farmers. It turns out that the marginal costs of all the high price varieties are very little compared to the big price difference. Owing to customer protests of being cheated, Costa Coffee had to withdraw its so-called fair trade coffee. Notwithstanding that, many customers are willing to pay more for more prestigious products, but with inflated price.
The book also reveals the strategy of supermarkets in setting the price of their merchandise. Besides differential pricing for similar products of slight variations, like organic products and brand name products, supermarkets deliberately arrange them at different shelve locations. Similar products with different prices are not placed side by side for easy comparison. Cheap products are put in inconspicuous location. It really pays if one could spend a little more time comparing prices when shopping in a supermarket.
Incomplete information
The author proposes that the perfect markets are distorted owing to incomplete information, both for buyers and sellers. In an imaginative ideal world of truth, where all information on the true cost of product and the true intention of buyer are known to all parties, there will be a perfect market with the following outcomes:
- Companies are making things the right way.
- Companies are making the right things.
- Things are being made in the right proportions.
- Things are going to the right people.
However, a perfectly efficient market does not always ensure fairness. An example is that interference to the market is made in providing to the poor in the form of subsidized heating fuel. We agree to distort the market so that the poor do not have to face the truth of high fuel cost. For arguments and solutions, you may wish to check out the book for various models proposed by famous economists.
The book also explains the phenomenon of rational insanity. In a complex market, take the stock market for example, there are educated and intelligent rational persons who are capable of gathering all information affecting stock prices. However, if all information leading to a rise or fall in stock prices are known, all rational investors will be capable of predicting stock price movement and act accordingly, leading to no predictability at all. As a result, all that is left to affect the market is unpredictable news. As such, stock prices and indices move at random affected by such unpredictable news. Although the long term trend still reflects the basic analysis, on any given day the trend is dwarfed by random movements. The paradox is that perfectly informed investors produce a random market, but a random market doesn't reward anybody for becoming perfectly informed.
A similar phenomenon is at work at supermarket checkouts: which queue is the quickest? If it was obvious that which queue was the quickest, people would already have joined it, and it wouldn't be the quickest any more. So you may as well stand in your queue and don't worry about it. It is the same as randomly joining any queue which looks shorter.
Externality
Besides the costs to the buyer and the seller, very often a market transaction may involve costs external to them, i.e. costs to a third party. An example quoted in the book is the buying of petrol at gas station where the transaction creates externality effect of causing noise, accidents, traffic congestion and air pollution. One of the solutions to deal with the hidden externality costs which distort the perfect market is to include the cost in the transaction. Some cities have introduced externality tax to drivers in order to control the use of roads, promote better engine performance in noise and emission, raise levy to traffic accident compensation and subsidize low pollution fuel. I think the high tax on tobacco is another form of externality tax as a penalty or compensation to the harm of smoking. The recently proposed tax on plastic bags is also another example of attaching a value to the external cost.
The book raises a viewpoint that the ethical standing of the environmentalists is a result of the fact that public policies do not make evident the environmental costs of our actions. If the effect to the environment of our actions is clearly defined in term of externality costs, environmentalists could argue their points from an economic standpoint. Much of the moral tone would then drain out of the debate and the environment itself would be much more effectively dealt with. When environmentalism is merely a moral issue, even environmentalists themselves cannot work out the real impact of everyday decisions. An example is the initiative to use less disposable diapers which could clog up landfill sites or use more washable diapers which will pollute the environment with the washing process and chemical detergent. The diaper problem, and other environmental issues, will not be solved by a small group arguing inconclusively over the morally appropriate individual action. If the environmentalists could not have the clear cost signal on the environmental damage, the majority of people would not inconvenience themselves even if they understood environmental problems. Both information and incentive in the avoidance of externality cost are necessary.
The last part of the book is on globalization and the economics of why some developing countries stay poor. This is where the book is criticized by many academics of putting forward assumptions without substantiation. I also think that the author is raising swift remarks without convincingly supporting them with sound arguments. However, this does not diminish the value of the book as interesting reading material. It is still a book I recommend, even to those not interested in economics.
I came across this book at Commercial Press a few months ago. The cost was $160. I didn't buy it in the first instance but instead went to the Victoria Park Book Festival hoping to get a discounted copy. Yes, there was a simplified Chinese version of the book at $30 only. I thought simplified Chinese was not a problem for me, but I was wrong. Simplified Chinese characters were not a problem. There were not too many simplified characters and I knew most of them. However, the problem was the translation which carried a lot of phraseology and idioms used in the Mainland. Although I could decipher them for their Cantonese meaning, the process of mental translation slowed me down a lot. I could only finish two chapters in several weeks.
At last, I went to Cosmo to get the original book. Luckily, the new paperback version only cost less than $100. It was not a great penalty to me for buying the second copy of the book. I finished reading the book during a trip to Africa.
The book is a world view from the angle of an economist. It is lucidly written complete with some interesting examples. The main theme circles around the ideal of a perfect market, but unfortunately there are always conditions that destroy it. They are scarcity, incomplete information and externality.
Scarcity
The first few chapters are the most interesting and they concern scarcity. The most striking example, which makes the book famous, is the high price of coffee in prime location shops. Prime locations are scarce, and landlords demand extra high rents. To make the most of the scarce resources, coffee price has to be high. It is possible because there are many price insensitive commuters passing by in a hurry. On the other hand, there are also price sensitive customers who do not mind walking a few hundred metre more to buy normal price coffee. Coffee shops differentiate the customers and create coffees of different prices and varying degree of prestige, like special brands, special flavours and special additions in order to attract both types of customers. There was a coffee bar called Costa Coffee which offered fair trade coffee: products directly marketed for the third world producers. Customers were charged more and they paid thinking they were helping non-privileged farmers. It turns out that the marginal costs of all the high price varieties are very little compared to the big price difference. Owing to customer protests of being cheated, Costa Coffee had to withdraw its so-called fair trade coffee. Notwithstanding that, many customers are willing to pay more for more prestigious products, but with inflated price.
The book also reveals the strategy of supermarkets in setting the price of their merchandise. Besides differential pricing for similar products of slight variations, like organic products and brand name products, supermarkets deliberately arrange them at different shelve locations. Similar products with different prices are not placed side by side for easy comparison. Cheap products are put in inconspicuous location. It really pays if one could spend a little more time comparing prices when shopping in a supermarket.
Incomplete information
The author proposes that the perfect markets are distorted owing to incomplete information, both for buyers and sellers. In an imaginative ideal world of truth, where all information on the true cost of product and the true intention of buyer are known to all parties, there will be a perfect market with the following outcomes:
- Companies are making things the right way.
- Companies are making the right things.
- Things are being made in the right proportions.
- Things are going to the right people.
However, a perfectly efficient market does not always ensure fairness. An example is that interference to the market is made in providing to the poor in the form of subsidized heating fuel. We agree to distort the market so that the poor do not have to face the truth of high fuel cost. For arguments and solutions, you may wish to check out the book for various models proposed by famous economists.
The book also explains the phenomenon of rational insanity. In a complex market, take the stock market for example, there are educated and intelligent rational persons who are capable of gathering all information affecting stock prices. However, if all information leading to a rise or fall in stock prices are known, all rational investors will be capable of predicting stock price movement and act accordingly, leading to no predictability at all. As a result, all that is left to affect the market is unpredictable news. As such, stock prices and indices move at random affected by such unpredictable news. Although the long term trend still reflects the basic analysis, on any given day the trend is dwarfed by random movements. The paradox is that perfectly informed investors produce a random market, but a random market doesn't reward anybody for becoming perfectly informed.
A similar phenomenon is at work at supermarket checkouts: which queue is the quickest? If it was obvious that which queue was the quickest, people would already have joined it, and it wouldn't be the quickest any more. So you may as well stand in your queue and don't worry about it. It is the same as randomly joining any queue which looks shorter.
Externality
Besides the costs to the buyer and the seller, very often a market transaction may involve costs external to them, i.e. costs to a third party. An example quoted in the book is the buying of petrol at gas station where the transaction creates externality effect of causing noise, accidents, traffic congestion and air pollution. One of the solutions to deal with the hidden externality costs which distort the perfect market is to include the cost in the transaction. Some cities have introduced externality tax to drivers in order to control the use of roads, promote better engine performance in noise and emission, raise levy to traffic accident compensation and subsidize low pollution fuel. I think the high tax on tobacco is another form of externality tax as a penalty or compensation to the harm of smoking. The recently proposed tax on plastic bags is also another example of attaching a value to the external cost.
The book raises a viewpoint that the ethical standing of the environmentalists is a result of the fact that public policies do not make evident the environmental costs of our actions. If the effect to the environment of our actions is clearly defined in term of externality costs, environmentalists could argue their points from an economic standpoint. Much of the moral tone would then drain out of the debate and the environment itself would be much more effectively dealt with. When environmentalism is merely a moral issue, even environmentalists themselves cannot work out the real impact of everyday decisions. An example is the initiative to use less disposable diapers which could clog up landfill sites or use more washable diapers which will pollute the environment with the washing process and chemical detergent. The diaper problem, and other environmental issues, will not be solved by a small group arguing inconclusively over the morally appropriate individual action. If the environmentalists could not have the clear cost signal on the environmental damage, the majority of people would not inconvenience themselves even if they understood environmental problems. Both information and incentive in the avoidance of externality cost are necessary.
The last part of the book is on globalization and the economics of why some developing countries stay poor. This is where the book is criticized by many academics of putting forward assumptions without substantiation. I also think that the author is raising swift remarks without convincingly supporting them with sound arguments. However, this does not diminish the value of the book as interesting reading material. It is still a book I recommend, even to those not interested in economics.
Monday, May 14, 2007
HK Chinese Orchestra 香港中樂團
今晚 (五月十一日) 在文化中心聽香港中樂團演出。香港中樂團的音樂會我並不常聽，只在有比較特別的節目時才購票。今晚演出以辛小紅辛小玲姐妹為主角，全場大都是胡琴協奏曲。我和家中老人家一起去聽；他是二胡高手，是粵曲頭架，由他來評胡琴演出最為恰當。
音樂會其中兩首選曲，是京胡與京二胡的《夜深沉》，和二胡的《江河水》。我想提這兩首樂曲，是因為它們都是常用的粵曲曲牌；粵曲的愛好者對旋律非常熟識。當然香港中樂團演出的版本是經過改編，樂曲的完整性加強，而胡琴的技巧要求非常高，大大超越一般曲牌的使用。辛氏姐妹演出這兩曲非常流暢，充分表現胡琴音樂的美麗和曲中的感情。
這場音樂會的賣點是《梁山伯與祝英台》協奏曲，改編為高胡協奏曲，由辛小玲獨奏。這首樂曲的小提琴各個版本我已聽得滾瓜爛熟，所以少不免會作比較。第一主題的旋律是來自民謠，其特色包含了胡琴的用弦技巧。我曾讀過小提琴的樂譜，註明小提琴要用滑指的手法去演奏一些音符；其意義是要刻意模仿胡琴的獨特手法。今晚演奏的高胡版本，在這一方面就卓越得多；以高胡拉出的旋律味道另具一格，其嬌柔的感覺比小提琴來得更好。不過小提琴是樂器之后，其表達能力非凡；在極高音部分、快速的琶音和強力的頓音的樂段都較佳。樂團以民族樂器組成西方管弦樂的編制，音色和效果都不錯；但因先天所限，弦樂部份的胡琴組的音色略硬，而木管部的笛子就太強。我較喜歡銅管部的嗩吶，可以帶出多一點中國音樂的味道。
我覺得民族樂器樂團演奏西式管弦樂有點妥協，倒不如根據樂器特性創作一些合適的音樂。今晚最後一曲 《烏蘇里吟》正是如此。此曲是劉錫津以烏蘇里民族音樂作素材創作的雙二胡協奏曲，是於一九八九年特為辛氏姊妹所創作。我非常欣賞這首樂曲，風格清新而充滿現代感。格局似一首交響樂詩，配器氣氛磅礡，有聽 Aaron Copland 的感覺。唯一的希望是想兩個二胡都有更燦爛的樂段，例如寫一個華彩樂段給獨奏者發揮，就更符合協奏曲曲式。
音樂會其中兩首選曲，是京胡與京二胡的《夜深沉》，和二胡的《江河水》。我想提這兩首樂曲，是因為它們都是常用的粵曲曲牌；粵曲的愛好者對旋律非常熟識。當然香港中樂團演出的版本是經過改編，樂曲的完整性加強，而胡琴的技巧要求非常高，大大超越一般曲牌的使用。辛氏姐妹演出這兩曲非常流暢，充分表現胡琴音樂的美麗和曲中的感情。
這場音樂會的賣點是《梁山伯與祝英台》協奏曲，改編為高胡協奏曲，由辛小玲獨奏。這首樂曲的小提琴各個版本我已聽得滾瓜爛熟，所以少不免會作比較。第一主題的旋律是來自民謠，其特色包含了胡琴的用弦技巧。我曾讀過小提琴的樂譜，註明小提琴要用滑指的手法去演奏一些音符；其意義是要刻意模仿胡琴的獨特手法。今晚演奏的高胡版本，在這一方面就卓越得多；以高胡拉出的旋律味道另具一格，其嬌柔的感覺比小提琴來得更好。不過小提琴是樂器之后，其表達能力非凡；在極高音部分、快速的琶音和強力的頓音的樂段都較佳。樂團以民族樂器組成西方管弦樂的編制，音色和效果都不錯；但因先天所限，弦樂部份的胡琴組的音色略硬，而木管部的笛子就太強。我較喜歡銅管部的嗩吶，可以帶出多一點中國音樂的味道。
我覺得民族樂器樂團演奏西式管弦樂有點妥協，倒不如根據樂器特性創作一些合適的音樂。今晚最後一曲 《烏蘇里吟》正是如此。此曲是劉錫津以烏蘇里民族音樂作素材創作的雙二胡協奏曲，是於一九八九年特為辛氏姊妹所創作。我非常欣賞這首樂曲，風格清新而充滿現代感。格局似一首交響樂詩，配器氣氛磅礡，有聽 Aaron Copland 的感覺。唯一的希望是想兩個二胡都有更燦爛的樂段，例如寫一個華彩樂段給獨奏者發揮，就更符合協奏曲曲式。
Tuesday, May 8, 2007
Kolja Blacher directs 巴列夏的莫札特
今晚 (五月四日) 在大會堂聽香港管弦樂團演奏。我對大會堂音樂廳特別有感情；一來在此聽音樂會多年，二來這個場地音色特別好，尤其是聽弦樂，有一種溫暖的感覺，所以香港管弦樂團在大會堂的音樂會我都盡量不放過。
這個音樂會的指揮及小提琴獨奏都是由高利亞．巴列夏 Kolja Blacher 擔任。巴列夏來自德國，在九十年代已是柏林愛樂的團長，其後他在指揮及小提琴演奏上雙線發展，今晚更一身兼兩職。獨奏者兼任指揮，在十八世紀及之前非常流行。其後指揮的責任變得重要，對樂曲演繹的藝術層次提升不可或缺，指揮家發展為專門事業，而兼任的情況已較少見。但巴列夏身為小提琴獨奏家，又是專業指揮家，由其兼任兩職，可算是當之無愧，但又要拉琴，又要指揮，怎樣分身呢？臺上所見，他用盡各種身體語言和樂團溝通，當獨奏段落稍停時，可以用弓作為指揮棒，其他時間就要用頭、眼、身軀來做各種訊號。當然他在排練時已和樂團建立很好的默契，而樂團的高水準亦相當重要。今晚的香港管弦樂團我認為就有超水準的演出。
上半場是海頓的G小調第三十九號交響曲和莫札特的降B大調第三十三號交響曲。海頓和莫扎特的音樂很有條理，聽來舒服而絕不覺得吃力，主要是因為音樂結構並不複雜，調性清晰，曲式簡單。有人認為他們的音樂潔淨，使人有安全感。今晚的兩首樂曲正是如此。在巴列夏的領導下，樂團將這兩首樂曲的特性充分發揮，令人聽得身心舒暢。
下半場氣氛截然不同，是巴列夏的表現時間。他演奏貝多芬的D大調小提琴協奏曲，可以說是出神入化。雖然香港管弦樂團有優秀的演出，但我的注意力卻被巴列夏的演奏藝術吸引。他的音樂表達能力非常高，不論在音色、運弓、句法上都別具一格；我可以說今晚我聽的貝多芬小提琴協奏曲，比以前聽多了很多東西：樂思廣闊了，音樂的細節清晰了，而理解亦深入了。要值得一提是巴列夏的華彩樂段；我不敢肯定是否一個我不熟識的版本，或是巴列夏自己創作的版本，但他所奏出的段落比一般聽到的不同，更複雜艱深，和貝多芬的音樂風格稍有不同。但華彩樂段就是讓獨奏者充分發揮自己的技巧，今晚巴列夏的華彩樂段就非常華彩，是皇冠上的一顆寶石。
在香港演出兩晚之後，巴列夏和香港管弦樂團會到上海於五月七日演奏同一曲目。香港聽眾有幸可以先聽為快。祝香港管弦樂團會上海演出成功。
這個音樂會的指揮及小提琴獨奏都是由高利亞．巴列夏 Kolja Blacher 擔任。巴列夏來自德國，在九十年代已是柏林愛樂的團長，其後他在指揮及小提琴演奏上雙線發展，今晚更一身兼兩職。獨奏者兼任指揮，在十八世紀及之前非常流行。其後指揮的責任變得重要，對樂曲演繹的藝術層次提升不可或缺，指揮家發展為專門事業，而兼任的情況已較少見。但巴列夏身為小提琴獨奏家，又是專業指揮家，由其兼任兩職，可算是當之無愧，但又要拉琴，又要指揮，怎樣分身呢？臺上所見，他用盡各種身體語言和樂團溝通，當獨奏段落稍停時，可以用弓作為指揮棒，其他時間就要用頭、眼、身軀來做各種訊號。當然他在排練時已和樂團建立很好的默契，而樂團的高水準亦相當重要。今晚的香港管弦樂團我認為就有超水準的演出。
上半場是海頓的G小調第三十九號交響曲和莫札特的降B大調第三十三號交響曲。海頓和莫扎特的音樂很有條理，聽來舒服而絕不覺得吃力，主要是因為音樂結構並不複雜，調性清晰，曲式簡單。有人認為他們的音樂潔淨，使人有安全感。今晚的兩首樂曲正是如此。在巴列夏的領導下，樂團將這兩首樂曲的特性充分發揮，令人聽得身心舒暢。
下半場氣氛截然不同，是巴列夏的表現時間。他演奏貝多芬的D大調小提琴協奏曲，可以說是出神入化。雖然香港管弦樂團有優秀的演出，但我的注意力卻被巴列夏的演奏藝術吸引。他的音樂表達能力非常高，不論在音色、運弓、句法上都別具一格；我可以說今晚我聽的貝多芬小提琴協奏曲，比以前聽多了很多東西：樂思廣闊了，音樂的細節清晰了，而理解亦深入了。要值得一提是巴列夏的華彩樂段；我不敢肯定是否一個我不熟識的版本，或是巴列夏自己創作的版本，但他所奏出的段落比一般聽到的不同，更複雜艱深，和貝多芬的音樂風格稍有不同。但華彩樂段就是讓獨奏者充分發揮自己的技巧，今晚巴列夏的華彩樂段就非常華彩，是皇冠上的一顆寶石。
在香港演出兩晚之後，巴列夏和香港管弦樂團會到上海於五月七日演奏同一曲目。香港聽眾有幸可以先聽為快。祝香港管弦樂團會上海演出成功。
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